Using math/rand (Rand) in Go
This example shows the use of each of the methods on a *Rand. The use of the global functions is the same, without the receiver.
package main
import (
"fmt"
"math/rand"
"os"
"text/tabwriter"
)
func main() {
// Create and seed the generator.
// Typically a non-fixed seed should be used, such as time.Now().UnixNano().
// Using a fixed seed will produce the same output on every run.
r := rand.New(rand.NewSource(99))
// The tabwriter here helps us generate aligned output.
w := tabwriter.NewWriter(os.Stdout, 1, 1, 1, ' ', 0)
defer w.Flush()
show := func(name string, v1, v2, v3 interface{}) {
fmt.Fprintf(w, "%s\t%v\t%v\t%v\n", name, v1, v2, v3)
}
// Float32 and Float64 values are in [0, 1).
show("Float32", r.Float32(), r.Float32(), r.Float32())
show("Float64", r.Float64(), r.Float64(), r.Float64())
// ExpFloat64 values have an average of 1 but decay exponentially.
show("ExpFloat64", r.ExpFloat64(), r.ExpFloat64(), r.ExpFloat64())
// NormFloat64 values have an average of 0 and a standard deviation of 1.
show("NormFloat64", r.NormFloat64(), r.NormFloat64(), r.NormFloat64())
// Int31, Int63, and Uint32 generate values of the given width.
// The Int method (not shown) is like either Int31 or Int63
// depending on the size of 'int'.
show("Int31", r.Int31(), r.Int31(), r.Int31())
show("Int63", r.Int63(), r.Int63(), r.Int63())
show("Uint32", r.Uint32(), r.Uint32(), r.Uint32())
// Intn, Int31n, and Int63n limit their output to be < n.
// They do so more carefully than using r.Int()%n.
show("Intn(10)", r.Intn(10), r.Intn(10), r.Intn(10))
show("Int31n(10)", r.Int31n(10), r.Int31n(10), r.Int31n(10))
show("Int63n(10)", r.Int63n(10), r.Int63n(10), r.Int63n(10))
// Perm generates a random permutation of the numbers [0, n).
show("Perm", r.Perm(5), r.Perm(5), r.Perm(5))
}